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Old Uyghur language
The Old Uyghur language (traditional Chinese: 回鶻語; simplified Chinese: 回鹘语; pinyin: Huíhú yǔ) was a Turkic language which was spoken in the Kingdom of Qocho from the 9th–14th centuries and in Gansu where it evolved into the Western Yugur language.
==History==
The Old Uyghur language evolved from Old Turkic after the Uyghur Khaganate broke up and remnants of it migrated to Gansu and Turfan and Hami in the 9th century. The Uyghurs in Turfan and Qomul founded the Kingdom of Qocho and adopted Manichaeism and Buddhism as their religions, while those in Gansu first founded the Gansu Uyghur Kingdom (Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom) and then became subjects of the Western Xia, and their descendants are the Yugur people.
The Kingdom of Qocho survived as a client state of the Mongol Empire, but was conquered by the Musim Chagatai Khanate which conquered Turfan and Qomul and Islamisized the region. The Old Uyghur language then went extinct in Turfan and Qomul, but survived in Gansu where it evolved into the modern Western Yugur language.
Kagan Arik wrote that Modern Uyghur is descended from Old Uyghur, rather, it is a descendant of the Karluk languages spoken by the Kara-Khanid Khanate,〔Arik 2008, p. 145〕 in particular the Xākānī language described by Mahmud al-Kashgari in Dīwānu l-Luġat al-Turk, while Western Yugur is considered to be the true descendant of Old Uyghur, and is also called "Neo-Uygur" according to Gerard Clauson. According to Frederik Coene, Modern Uyghur and Western Yugur belong to entirely different branches of the Turkic language family, respectively the southeastern Turkic languages and the northeastern Turkic languages .〔(Coene 2009 ), p. 75〕〔(Coene 2009 ), p. 75〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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